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Trait theory in leadership primarily emphasizes the identification of innate qualities or characteristics that make an individual an effective leader. This approach suggests that certain traits such as intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability are inherent in successful leaders, distinguishing them from non-leaders. By focusing on these attributes, trait theory attempts to provide a framework for understanding why some individuals are able to lead better than others, positing that these traits can predict leadership effectiveness.

This perspective differs from other leadership theories where the focus is on situational factors, group dynamics, or transformational processes. For example, group dynamics look at how styles are applied within collaborative environments, situational leadership emphasizes adaptability based on context, and transformational leadership investigates how leaders can change organizational culture through inspiration and vision. However, trait theory specifically centers on the personal characteristics of leaders as the foundation for their ability to lead effectively. This makes the identification of these innate qualities central to understanding and studying leadership in this theory.