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Taylor is best known for "the science of management" due to his pioneering contributions to management theory, particularly through his development of scientific management principles. These principles emphasize the importance of applying scientific methods to improve efficiency in the workplace. Taylor conducted time studies and analyzed workflows to determine the most efficient ways to perform tasks, leading to increased productivity.

His work laid the groundwork for later management practices by focusing on optimizing individual tasks and establishing standardized procedures. This scientific approach revolutionized how work was managed in industries, promoting the idea that tasks could be studied and improved through systematic observation and experimentation. By establishing a framework for analyzing work processes, Taylor contributed significantly to the development of management as a discipline, thereby earning his place as a key figure in management theory.